2020年安徽中考數(shù)學(xué)真題試卷(通用4篇)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2022-01-16 10:43:17| 瀏覽次數(shù)：

安徽，簡(jiǎn)稱“皖”，省名取當(dāng)時(shí)安慶、徽州兩府首字合成，是中華人民共和國(guó)省級(jí)行政區(qū)。省會(huì)合肥。位于長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)，中國(guó)華東地區(qū)，介于東經(jīng)114°54′—119°37′，北緯29°41′—34°38′之間，東連江蘇，西接河南、湖北，東南接浙江，南鄰，以下是為大家整理的關(guān)于2020年安徽中考數(shù)學(xué)真題試卷4篇 , 供大家參考選擇。

2020年安徽中考數(shù)學(xué)真題試卷4篇

第1篇: 2020年安徽中考數(shù)學(xué)真題試卷

義務(wù)教育基礎(chǔ)課程初中教學(xué)資料

2014年安徽省中考英語試卷

注意事項(xiàng)：

1．本試卷工四部分，十一大題，滿分150分。考試時(shí)間為120分鐘
2. 全卷共有試題卷8頁(yè)，答題卷2頁(yè)。請(qǐng)將答案填寫在答題卷上。

3. 考試結(jié)束后,請(qǐng)將試題卷和答題卷一并交上。

第一部分聽力（共五大題，滿分30分）

.關(guān)鍵詞語選擇(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)

你將聽到五個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)?jiān)诿啃☆}所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)你所聽到的單詞或短語。每個(gè)句子讀兩遍。

1. A. page B. paper C pencil

2. A. clean B. clever C. close

3. A. raise B. read C. receive

4. A. gate B. garden C. ground

5. A. set off B. put off C. cut off

Ⅱ.短對(duì)話理解(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分) 你將聽到十段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诿啃☆}所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。

6. How will the woman get to the museum?

7. What is the film about?

8. How is the weather today？

9. What time is it?

10. What does Li Ming do?

11. What are they doing?

A. They"re watching TV at home.

B. They"re taking photos in the park.

C. They"re making a telephone call.

12. Where do they decide to have dinner tonight?

A. At home. B. At a coffee shop. C. In a restaurant.

13. How much is the beef?

A. $5, B. $10. C. $15.

14. Why is the woman going out? ,

A. To go to work. B. To repair her car. C. To see a doctor.

15. What does the man mean?

A. He wants his daughter to stay at home.

B. He will offer any help to his daughter.

C. He will give the talk instead of his daughter.

word/media/image8.gif. 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話理解(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)

你將聽到兩段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有幾個(gè)小題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诿啃☆}所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。

聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第16、17兩個(gè)小題。

16. What exercise does Mike take?

A. Riding a bike. B. Going swimming. C. Playing basketball.

17. How often does Lucy take exercise?

A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Twice a week.

聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第18至20三個(gè)小題。

18. What does Ben want to buy?

A. A cotton T-shirt. B. Cotton jeans. C. A silk T-shirt.

19. What colour does Ben like best?

A. Red. B. Blue. C. White.

20. Who will Ann buy a gift for?

A. Herself. B. Her brother. C. Her friend.

Ⅳ．短文理解(共5小題，每小題1分，滿分5分)

你將聽到一篇短文，短文后有5個(gè)小題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在每小題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。短文讀兩遍。

21. Where do we usually play after class?

A. On the pass. B. In the classroom. C. On the sports field.

22. What does Mr Green always say to us?

A. “Enjoy singing". B. "Learn by reading". C. "Have fun playing"

23. What does Ms Allen do to help us learn new English words?

A. She asks us to watch English films.

B. She uses songs and stories in class.

C. She tells us to read them many times.

24. Who is sitting in the tree in the photo?

A. Mr Green. B. Mr King. C. Ms Allen.

25. What in the passage about?

A. My school. B. My lessons. C. My family.

word/media/image9.gif.信息轉(zhuǎn)換(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)

你將聽到一篇短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，填寫下面表格中所缺的單詞，每空僅填一詞。短文讀兩遍。

第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共三大題，滿分55分）

word/media/image10.gif.單項(xiàng)填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)

從每小題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

31. It is ______ for me to follow the Australian guests because I am good at English.

A. bad B. easy C. hard D. right

32. _______ the exam, we"ll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.

A. In B. For C. After D. Through

33. —Can I bring a friend to your birthday party?

—Sure, ______.

A. no problem B. not at all C. my pleasure D. well done

34. Rick has learned a lot about Chinese culture _____ he came to China.

A. before B. when C. until D. since

35. —I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours?

— Yes, you _______.

A. can B. must C. could D. should

36. Mum, what are you cooking? It_______ so sweet.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells

37. —More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan

—That"s true. It has become the _______ of Anhui.

A. pride B. effort C. praise D. courage

38. —It"s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?

—But I don"t know _______. I can do it if not now.
A. why B. when C. how D. where

39. As time____, you"ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.

A. goes by B. runs out C. takes off D. turns up

A gives D- RaAI

40. If my frirends have any problems, my door is ______ open to them.

A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always

41. Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He ____ a speech there in two days.

A. gives B. gave C. will give D. has given

42. —Jim, remember to return this book by Friday.

—_______.

A. Got it B. Good luck C. That"s right D. It"s nothing

43. _______the sun was not yet up, many people were already taking exercise in the square

A. As B. If C. Though D. Because

44. I don"t _______ the heat, for I"m used to hot weather.

A. like B. mind C. know D. stand

45. You can take_______ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother.

A. both B. none C. either D. neither

46. Rose finished her study in the university and went to___ a good job.

A. take after B. look after C. care for D. search for

47. Spend more time talking with your parents, _______they may not well understand you.

A. or B. so C. and D. but

48. As we all know, the Silk Road _______ China to the west in ancient times.

A. connects B. connected C. will connect D. is connecting

49. He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _______ what he said.

A. hear B. doubt C. repeat D. believe

50. —We failed in the singing competition.

—_______. Better times are waiting for you.

A. No way B. Best wishes C. Cheer up D. Good job

word/media/image11.gif.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)

閱讀下列短文, 從每小題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

In China, very few children make pocket money, 51 , in western countries, most kids make pocket money by themselves. They make money in many different 52 . When kids are very young, their parents help them sell the fruits of their own trees to neighbours. Kids may also help 53 do housework to make money at home. When they 54 sixteen, they can make money by sending newspapers or by working in fast food restaurants, 55 during the summer holidays.

There are many 56 of making pocket money by kids themselves. First of all, they learn the 57 of money by working hard so that they will not waste any. Secondly, they learn to 58 money to buy things they need or want, such as books, pencils, movies and even clothes they like. Thirdly, they learn to 59 the daily life problems by helping their parents or others. Making pocket money is 60 for children when they grow up. That is why parents encourage their
kids to make pocket money.

Once there lived a farmer called Henry. He had a brother, Mike, in town who was an excellent gardener. His skill and his beautiful trees were 61 everywhere.

One day, Henry went to town to visit Mike. "Look, my brother," said Mike, "Here is the best 62 tree from my garden. Take it home and 63 it so that you, and your children, and your children"s children can enjoy it.” Henry was 64 with the apple tree and went back home. The next morning, he began to 65 where he should plant it.

"If I plant it on the hill,” said he to himself, "the wind might catch it and 66 flown the fruit; If I plant it close to the road, people who pass by will pick some of them; But if I plant it ..."

67 he planted the tree in the comer behind his house, where no one else could notice it. But the tree bore(結(jié)出) no fruit the first year, nor the second. Then Henry sent for his brother and said to him 68 , “You have cheated me. This is the third year and it bring me 69 but leaves.

When Mike saw where the tree was planted, he laughed and said, "You have planted the tree in such a cold corner without 70 or warmth. How, then, could you expect flowers and fruil?"

word/media/image12.gif.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)

根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框內(nèi)的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Brian: Hi, Cindy. 71

Cindy; Hi, Brian. It is nice to sec you and so many old classmates.
Brian: So it is. 72
Cindy: You"re right. It"s really a long time.
Brian: Did you see the old photos on the wall?

Cindy: I sure did. _73_

Brian: But those are some great memories.
Cindy: Hey! 74

Brian. Yes, it is. I remember he used to stay up all night studying.
Cindy: 75

Brian: Yes. He was the only one left in the class when he woke up.
Cindy: That was really funny.

71. _________72. _________73. _________74. _________75._________

第三部分閱讀理解（共一大題，滿分40分）

word/media/image13.gif.閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)

閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Tony Wheeler was born to travel. His father worked for an airline. For the first 16 years of his life. Wheeler and his family lived in many different countries.

In the early 1970s, Tony met a young woman named Maureen. They soon married. Before getting jobs, Tony and Maureen wanted to travel. They took a year-long trip from England, through Asia, to Australia. On the trip, they visited places like Iran( 伊朗) . India, and so on.

When Tony and Maureen arrived in Australia, people asked many questions about their trip. To answer these questions, Wheeler wrote a book called Across Asia on the Cheap. The book told people about different countries" weather, customs( 風(fēng)俗) , and places to see. But unlike other travel books then, Tony Wheeler"s book also talked about places most tourists did not go. He also wrote about unusual things to see and do. The book was very popular.

Tony and Maureen started a company called lonely Planet. They continued travelling. They wrote books for each place they visited. Today, 800 people work for Lonely Planet. The company has over 650 books. Tony Wheeler, the great traveller, still writes about travels to many places and will bring us more surprises.

76. Tony Wheeler and his wife ended the year-long trip in _______.

A. England B. Iran C. India D. Australia

77. Tony Wheeler wrote the book Across Asia on the Cheap to _______.

A. make money for his next trip

B. tell people about his new company

C. draw people"s attention to his family

D. answer people"s questions about his trip

78. How was the book Across Asia on the Cheap different from other travel books then?

A. It was longer and more popular.

B. It was the first travel book in the world.

C. It talked about places most tourists did not go.

D. It talked about a country"s weather and customs.

79. Which of the following is TRUE about Tony Wheeler"s company?

A. His father started it. B. It is an airline company.

C. Hundreds of people work for it. D. It has no books about travelling.

80. The passage mainly talks about _______.

A. a great traveller and his books B. a tour of different countries

C. a great writer and his family D. different kinds of companies

"Make-A-Wish” is one of the world"s most well-known charities(慈善機(jī)構(gòu)) . It makes wishes come true for children who have serious illnesses. It gives them hope and joy and helps them forget about their health problems and have fun.

It all started in 1980 in Phoenix, Arizona. Christopher was a 7-year-old boy who was very sick. He always dreamed of becoming a police officer. Tommy Austin and Ron Cox, two police officers, made his wish come true. They gave Christopher a tour of the city in a police helicopter(直升飛機(jī))and made a real police uniform(制服) for him.

There are four kinds of wishes children usually have:

I wish to go. Children usually want to travel or go to a concert, a game or a park.

I wish to meet. Children sometimes want to meet their favourite actors, singers or players.

I wish to be. Some children wish to become actors, singers or police officers.

I wish to have. They often want to have a computer, a game, a bike or many other things.

Let’s hope more wishes Mill come true in the future. People who work in the charity always try for the best. Almost 25 ,000 Volunteers (志愿者) help, work or give money. Will you be one of them?
81. "Make-A-Wish" is a charity to help _______.

A. sick children B. serious officers C. famous actors D. popular singers

82. What did the two police officers do for Christopher?
A. They gave him a computer. B. They gave him a tour of the city.

C. They look him to a concert. D. They took him to the hospital.

83. Which kind of wishes does Christopher have?
A. I wish to go. B. I wish to meet. C. I wish to be. D. I wish to have.

84. The purpose of the last paragraph is to _______.

A. explain what " Make-A-Wish" is

B. encourage more people to join the charity
C. tell us how Christopher"s wish came true

D. introduce different kinds of children"s wishes

85. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Sick children just wish to get well.

B. Christopher and Tommy are two officers.

C. A few people are working for "Make-A-Wish".

D. "Make-A-Wish" has a history of over 30 years.

86. You can________ at J&M Music Store.

A. receive guitar lessons B. borrow new or used CDs

C. learn pop music history D. buy all kinds of music books

87. You can go to TImes Coffee Shop to have coffee and pies at_______.

A. 8:30 a.m. B. 9:30 a.m. C. 10:30 p.m. D. 11:30 p.m.

88. If your friend is coming for a visit, where will he stay for a night?

A. In J&M Music Store. B. In Peth Market.

C. At Times Coffee Shop. D. At Macon"s B&B.

89. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. There is no breakfast at Macon"s B&

B. You can"t listen to the CD before you buy it.

C. Times Coffee Shop offers ism music every day.

D. Kids under 12 can get free ice cream in Peth Market

90. Where is the passage probably from?

A. A dictionary. B. A newspaper. C. A story book. D. A science report.

North American back bears are shy animals. They are fearful by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people. Because of this, it can be difficult for scientists to learn about these animals.

In order to study black bears, researchers from New Jersey, USA, catch bears and use drugs to help them go to sleep. Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bear, take blood to test for diseases, remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age. From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce.

But in Minnesota, USA, researchers study bears that are completely awake. The bears know the researchers" voices and they are not afraid of die research team. With the help of a few grapes
to keep the bears busy, researchers can touch them to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and do other jobs. Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday lives.

In both places, the main purpose is the same—to make sure there is a healthy population of black bears. But the research methods and the kinds of information that researchers, are able to collect arc quite different.

91. In the first paragraph, we can learn that North American black bears are _______.

A. shy and fearful animals B. not found today

C. well known to scientists D. not afraid of people

92. The word "remove" in the second paragraph probably means _____ in Chinese.

A. 拔下 B.移植 C. 清洗 D. 修補(bǔ)

93. Which of the following may NOT be included in the New Jersey studies on bears?

A. The age. B. The way of their communication.

C. The weight. D. The number of babies they produce.

94. In the Minnesota studies, researchers _____.

A. can never get close to the bears

B. study the bears while they are asleep

C. use grapes to make the bears full

D. learn a lot about the bears" everyday lives

95. What do the two studies have in common?

A. Research places. B. The main purpose.

C. Research methods. D. Collected information.

第四部分寫（共兩大題，滿分25分）

word/media/image15.gif. 單詞拼寫(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)

根據(jù)首字母及漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。

96. The Internet is becoming a u _____ (有用的)tool for students.

97. We feel it is our d _____ (責(zé)任)to help each other.

98. You are b _____ (勇敢的) enough to accept such a difficult job.

99. I"m afraid we have to c _____ ( 取消)the meeting.

100. Bob has many story books and he often s _____ (分享)thcm with his friends

word/media/image16.gif. 書面表達(dá)(共1小題；滿分20分)

假定你是王偉,你的英國(guó)筆友David來信問及你們學(xué)校在署假期間對(duì)學(xué)生的.要求。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給他回一封電子郵件。

●家庭安全：小心用火用電,外出時(shí)關(guān)好門窗；

●游泳安全：不獨(dú)自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；

●交通安全: 過馬路要當(dāng)心，不在馬路上玩耍。
提示詞：electricity(n. 電)
注意：1.詞數(shù)80-100；

2．請(qǐng)不耍逐句翻譯，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；
3.文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的校名和人名；

4. 郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾以為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

第2篇: 2020年安徽中考數(shù)學(xué)真題試卷

2019年安徽省初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試

化　學(xué)

一、本大題包括10小題，每小題2分，共20分。每小題的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有1個(gè)符合題意。

1. 如圖所示活動(dòng)體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)人民的勤勞和智慧，其中涉及化學(xué)變化的是

2. 我國(guó)是今年“世界環(huán)境日”活動(dòng)主辦國(guó)，保護(hù)環(huán)境，人人有責(zé)。下列做法錯(cuò)誤的是

A. 生活購(gòu)物時(shí)，用布袋代替塑料袋

B. 上班上學(xué)時(shí)，鼓勵(lì)低碳出行

C. 工作學(xué)習(xí)中，提倡紙張雙面使用

D. 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，禁止使用化肥

3. 我國(guó)科學(xué)家最新研制出一種新型石墨烯－鋁電池，手機(jī)使用這種電池，充電時(shí)間短，待機(jī)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。碳、鋁元素的相關(guān)信息如圖，有關(guān)說法正確的是

A. 它們的化學(xué)性質(zhì)相同

B. 碳在地殼中含量最高

C. 鋁的原子序數(shù)為13

D. 鋁的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量為26.98 g

4. 生活中處處有化學(xué)，化學(xué)與人體健康密切相關(guān)。下列說法錯(cuò)誤的是

A. 微量元素與人體健康無關(guān)

B. 新鮮蔬菜、水果中含有豐富的維生素

C. 食用甲醛浸泡的食物，危害人體健康

D. 為了自己和他人的健康，不要吸煙

5. 下列實(shí)驗(yàn)操作正確的是

6. 我國(guó)科學(xué)家最近成功合成了世界上首個(gè)全氮陰離子鹽(化學(xué)式為H25N34O3Cl)，該物質(zhì)是超高能材料，在航空航天上可做推進(jìn)劑。下列有關(guān)該物質(zhì)的說法正確的是

A. 屬于有機(jī)物

B. 由四種非金屬元素組成

C. H25N34O3Cl中原子總數(shù)為62

D. 氫、氮、氧、氯的原子個(gè)數(shù)比為1∶7∶8∶17

7. 如圖是一種處理汽車尾氣的反應(yīng)微觀示意圖，有關(guān)說法正確的是

A. 反應(yīng)前后分子總數(shù)不變

B. 反應(yīng)前后原子種類發(fā)生變化

C. 反應(yīng)前后均為純凈物

D. 該反應(yīng)可以減少二氧化氮的排放

8. 某同學(xué)用一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)探究物質(zhì)的燃燒，得到下列結(jié)論，其中不正確的是

A. 鎂條在氧氣和二氧化碳中均能燃燒，說明二氧化碳分子中有氧氣

B. 玻璃棒不能燃燒而火柴棒可以燃燒，說明燃燒與物質(zhì)本身性質(zhì)有關(guān)

C. 蠟燭在氧氣中比在空氣中燃燒更旺，說明燃燒與氧氣的濃度有關(guān)

D．燃燒是一種化學(xué)反應(yīng)，需考慮兩方面因素：反應(yīng)物(內(nèi)因)和反應(yīng)條件(外因)

9. 學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)，提高學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)，學(xué)會(huì)從化學(xué)的角度分析問題。下列說法正確的是

A．木炭具有疏松多孔的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此具有吸附性

B．鹽酸和氫氧化鈉溶液混合，無現(xiàn)象，沒有發(fā)生反應(yīng)

C．隨著鐵制品的不斷銹蝕，自然界中鐵元素的含量不斷減少

D．碳酸氫銨有強(qiáng)烈的氨味，是氮肥；尿素沒有氨味，不是氮肥

10. 壓強(qiáng)為101 kPa下，硝酸鉀和氨氣在不同溫度下的溶解度如下表。下列說法正確的是

A. 兩種物質(zhì)的溶解度均隨溫度升高而增大

B. 20 ℃時(shí)，KNO3飽和溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為31.6%

C. 60 ℃的KNO3飽和溶液降溫至30 ℃，有晶體析出

D. NH3的溶解度與壓強(qiáng)大小無關(guān)

二、本大題包括5小題，共34分。

11. (5分)能源與環(huán)境是社會(huì)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。如圖是某太陽能電池示意圖。回答下列問題：

(1)圖中所標(biāo)物質(zhì)，含有的金屬元素是________(填1種即可)，含有的有機(jī)合成材料是____________。

(2)太陽能電池中多處使用合金，合金與純金屬相比，有許多優(yōu)良性能，如：__________________(寫出1條即可)。

(3)銅暴露在潮濕的空氣中會(huì)生銹，即生成銅綠[Cu2(OH)2CO3]，這是銅與O2、H2O、________(填化學(xué)式)反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物。

(4)推廣使用太陽能電池的意義是________(寫出1點(diǎn)即可)。

12. (8分)如圖是實(shí)驗(yàn)室中常見裝置，回答下列問題。

(1)儀器a的名稱是________。

(2)用裝置A進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，首先應(yīng)________(填序號(hào))。

①加藥品　②加熱　③檢查裝置氣密性

(3)用A裝置制取氣體的不足之處是________。

(4)若要收集干燥的CO2，可將含有水蒸氣的CO2從裝置B的________(填“m”或“n”)端導(dǎo)入，試劑X是________；再用裝置________(填“C”或“D”或“E”)收集。

(5)向集滿CO2的集氣瓶中加入澄清石灰水，反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為________________________________________________________________________。

13. (7分)Ba(NO3)2可用于生產(chǎn)信號(hào)彈、炸藥等。利用鋇泥(主要含有BaCO3、BaSO3、Fe2O3)可制取Ba(NO3)2，其部分流程如下：

(1)Ba(NO3)2中鋇元素的化合價(jià)為________；流程中所涉及的氧化物是________(填1種即可)。

(2)BaCO3與稀HNO3反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)類型是____________；寫出Fe2O3與稀HNO3反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式：________________________________________________________________________。

(3)試劑Y為________(填序號(hào))。

①BaCl2溶液　②Ba(OH)2溶液　③NaOH溶液

(4)從Ba(NO3)2溶液中析出Ba(NO3)2晶體的方法是________。

14. (7分)某興趣小組對(duì)KClO3分解反應(yīng)的催化劑進(jìn)行研究，在相同的加熱條件下，用如圖裝置完成表中實(shí)驗(yàn)：

(1)設(shè)置實(shí)驗(yàn)1的目的是________。

(2)表中所列3種催化劑的催化效果最佳的是________。

(3)寫出KClO3分解的化學(xué)方程式：________。

(4)由實(shí)驗(yàn)1和實(shí)驗(yàn)4可知，KCl________(填“有”或“無”)催化作用。維持加熱條件不變，用實(shí)驗(yàn)1再繼續(xù)收集50 mL O2，所需時(shí)間明顯少于171 s，解釋原因：________。

(5)要比較KClO3分解反應(yīng)中不同催化劑的催化效果，除了測(cè)量收集50 mL O2所需時(shí)間外，還可以測(cè)量相同時(shí)間內(nèi)________________________________________________________________________。

15. (7分)某興趣小組為探究金屬活動(dòng)性強(qiáng)弱，分別做了鎂、鋁、銅與稀鹽酸反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

(1)比較金屬活動(dòng)性強(qiáng)弱：鋁比銅________(填“強(qiáng)”或“弱”)。寫出鎂與稀鹽酸反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式：________________________________________________________________________。

(2)小芳同學(xué)做鎂與稀鹽酸反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)試管中出現(xiàn)灰白色沉淀，該小組同學(xué)對(duì)灰白色沉淀的成分進(jìn)行如下探究：

【提出假設(shè)】假設(shè)一：含有氯化鎂

假設(shè)二：含有鎂粉

假設(shè)三：含有氫氧化鎂

……

【查閱資料】①氯化鎂易溶于水；

②在一定條件下，鎂可與冷水緩慢反應(yīng)。

【設(shè)計(jì)并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)】各取少量灰白色沉淀加入2支試管中，進(jìn)行如下實(shí)驗(yàn)：

【得出結(jié)論】由實(shí)驗(yàn)1可知，假設(shè)________不成立；由實(shí)驗(yàn)2可知，沉淀中不含________。假設(shè)三________(填“成立”或“可能成立”或“不成立”)

【實(shí)驗(yàn)反思】實(shí)驗(yàn)后同學(xué)們請(qǐng)教老師得知，灰白色沉淀的主要成分是堿式氯化鎂，堿式氯化鎂受熱易分解產(chǎn)生氯化氫氣體。于是小芳再取少量灰白色沉淀于試管中加熱，并將蘸有紫色石蕊溶液的濾紙條懸于試管口，預(yù)期的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象是________。

注意：若答對(duì)第(3)小題獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)4分，化學(xué)試卷總分不超過60分。

(3)為探究鎂與稀鹽酸生成堿式氯化鎂的條件，該小組同學(xué)進(jìn)行了如下實(shí)驗(yàn)：在小燒杯中加入一定量稀鹽酸和去除氧化膜的鎂帶，觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象，并測(cè)量溶液pH的變化。結(jié)果見下表：

根據(jù)表中信息回答下列問題：

①請(qǐng)描述溶液pH變化的規(guī)律并解釋原因：________。

②請(qǐng)對(duì)生成堿式氯化鎂的條件提出猜想，并設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明猜想：________。

三、本大題共6分。

16. (6分)侯德榜是我國(guó)著名的化學(xué)家，發(fā)明了侯氏制堿法，其反應(yīng)原理如下：

NaCl＋CO2＋NH3＋H2O=== NaHCO3＋NH4Cl，請(qǐng)計(jì)算：

(1)氯化銨中氮元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。

(2)生產(chǎn)8.4 t碳酸氫鈉，理論上需要氯化鈉的質(zhì)量。

2019安徽化學(xué)真題解析

1. C　【解析】化學(xué)變化和物理變化的本質(zhì)區(qū)別為是否有其他物質(zhì)生成。生火的過程中有二氧化碳等物質(zhì)生成，屬于化學(xué)變化；織布、耕田、灌溉的過程中均沒有其他物質(zhì)生成，屬于物理變化；故選C。

2. D　【解析】生活購(gòu)物時(shí)，用布袋代替塑料袋，可以節(jié)約資源，減少“白色污染”，A正確；上班上學(xué)時(shí)，鼓勵(lì)低碳出行，可以減少二氧化碳的產(chǎn)生，減緩溫室效應(yīng)，B正確；工作學(xué)習(xí)中，提倡紙張雙面使用，可以減少樹木的砍伐，保護(hù)森林資源，有利于環(huán)境的保護(hù)，C正確；目前化肥對(duì)農(nóng)作物的增產(chǎn)、農(nóng)業(yè)的豐收有不可替代的作用，因此農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)合理使用化肥，而不是禁止使用化肥，D錯(cuò)誤。

3. C　【解析】元素的化學(xué)性質(zhì)由原子的最外層電子數(shù)決定，碳原子最外層電子數(shù)為4，鋁原子的最外層電子數(shù)為3，所以它們的化學(xué)性質(zhì)不相同，A錯(cuò)誤；地殼中元素含量由高到低的前四位元素依次是氧、硅、鋁、鐵，B錯(cuò)誤；元素周期表的一格中左上角的數(shù)字表示原子序數(shù)，所以鋁的原子序數(shù)為13，C正確；相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量的單位為“1”，一般省略不寫，故鋁的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量為26.98，D錯(cuò)誤。

4. A　【解析】微量元素與人體健康息息相關(guān)，如鐵元素屬于微量元素，人體缺鐵會(huì)患缺鐵性貧血，A錯(cuò)誤；維生素的主要來源是水果、蔬菜，B正確；甲醛會(huì)使蛋白質(zhì)變性，因此食用甲醛浸泡的食物會(huì)危害人體健康，C正確；煙氣中含有尼古丁、一氧化碳等多種對(duì)人體有害的物質(zhì)，因此為了自己和他人的健康，不要吸煙，D正確。

5. B　【解析】滴加液體時(shí)，膠頭滴管應(yīng)豎直懸空在試管口的正上方，不能觸碰試管壁，也不能伸入試管中，否則會(huì)污染試劑，A錯(cuò)誤；點(diǎn)燃酒精燈時(shí)，應(yīng)用燃著的火柴去點(diǎn)燃，B正確；量取液體時(shí)，視線應(yīng)與量筒內(nèi)液體凹液面的最低處相平，俯視讀數(shù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致讀數(shù)偏大，而實(shí)際量取的液體體積偏小，C錯(cuò)誤；稱量固體物質(zhì)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意“左物右碼”的原則，D錯(cuò)誤。

6. B　【解析】全氮陰離子鹽中不含碳元素，屬于無機(jī)物，A錯(cuò)誤；全氮陰離子鹽由氮、氫、氧、氯四種非金屬元素組成，B正確；一個(gè)全氮陰離子鹽分子含有的原子個(gè)數(shù)為25＋34＋3＋1＝63，C錯(cuò)誤；全氮陰離子鹽中氫、氮、氧、氯的原子個(gè)數(shù)比為25∶34∶3∶1，D錯(cuò)誤。

7. D　【解析】由反應(yīng)的微觀示意圖可知，該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為CH4＋2NO2063449ab0a781e410c48245c4cf6cbb0.png CO2＋2H2O＋N2。反應(yīng)前有3個(gè)分子，反應(yīng)后有4個(gè)分子，反應(yīng)后分子總數(shù)增多，A錯(cuò)誤；由質(zhì)量守恒定律可知，化學(xué)反應(yīng)前后原子種類不發(fā)生改變，B錯(cuò)誤；反應(yīng)物和生成物都包含兩種或兩種以上的物質(zhì)，所以反應(yīng)前后均為混合物，C錯(cuò)誤；該反應(yīng)可將NO2轉(zhuǎn)化為N2，所以該反應(yīng)可以減少二氧化氮的排放，D正確。

8. A　【解析】二氧化碳由二氧化碳分子構(gòu)成，1個(gè)二氧化碳分子含有2個(gè)氧原子，二氧化碳分子中不含氧氣，A錯(cuò)誤；玻璃棒不能燃燒，而火柴棒可以燃燒，是因?yàn)椴ＡО舨粚儆诳扇嘉铮鸩癜魧儆诳扇嘉铮f明燃燒與物質(zhì)本身性質(zhì)有關(guān)，B正確；空氣中氧氣的含量約為21%，而蠟燭在氧氣中比在空氣中燃燒更旺，說明燃燒與氧氣的濃度有關(guān)，C正確；化學(xué)反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行與反應(yīng)物(內(nèi)因)和反應(yīng)條件(外因)有關(guān)，而燃燒是一種劇烈的氧化反應(yīng)，故需考慮這兩方面因素，D正確。

9. A　【解析】木炭具有疏松多孔的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此具有吸附性，A正確；鹽酸和氫氧化鈉溶液混合后，雖然沒有明顯的現(xiàn)象，但二者確實(shí)發(fā)生了反應(yīng)，生成氯化鈉和水，B錯(cuò)誤；隨著鐵制品的不斷銹蝕，自然界中的鐵單質(zhì)變成了含鐵化合物，但化學(xué)反應(yīng)前后元素的質(zhì)量不變，故鐵元素的量并沒有減少，C錯(cuò)誤；氮肥是指含有植物生長(zhǎng)所需的氮、磷、鉀三種營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素中的氮元素的化肥，碳酸氫銨(NH4HCO3)、尿素[CO(NH2)]2中均含有氮元素，屬于氮肥，D錯(cuò)誤。

10. C　【解析】由表格中的數(shù)據(jù)可知，壓強(qiáng)一定時(shí)，KNO3的溶解度隨溫度的升高而增大，氨氣的溶解度隨溫度的升高而減少，A錯(cuò)誤；20 ℃時(shí)，KNO3的溶解度為31.6 g，其飽和溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為23772a82882200d620874bd3ee1789af.png×100%≈24.0%，B錯(cuò)誤；KNO3的溶解度隨溫度的升高而增大，60 ℃時(shí)的KNO3飽和溶液降溫至30 ℃，一定有晶體析出，C正確；氣體的溶解度不僅與溫度有關(guān)，也與壓強(qiáng)有關(guān)。一定溫度下，壓強(qiáng)越大，氣體的溶解度越大，D錯(cuò)誤。

11. (5分)(1)銅(或鋁、鐵，填元素符號(hào)也可)(1分)　塑料(1分)　(2)硬度大(或抗腐蝕性強(qiáng)，合理即可)(1分)　(3)CO2(1分)　(4)節(jié)約化石燃料(或環(huán)保等，合理即可)

【解析】(2)合金與純金屬相比，具有硬度大、抗腐蝕性強(qiáng)、熔點(diǎn)低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(3)“銅暴露在潮濕的空氣中會(huì)生銹”，由銅綠的元素組成和空氣的成分可知，銅綠是銅與O2、H2O、CO2反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物。(4)太陽能屬于清潔能源，大力推廣使用太陽能電池的意義是節(jié)約化石燃料、保護(hù)環(huán)境。

12. (8分)(1)錐形瓶(1分)　(2)③(1分)　(3)不能隨時(shí)控制反應(yīng)的發(fā)生和停止(合理即可)(1分)　(4)m(1分)濃硫酸(1分)　 E(1分)　(5)CO2＋Ca(OH)2=== CaCO3↓＋H2O(2分)

【解析】(2)用裝置A進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，首先應(yīng)檢查裝置的氣密性。(3)用A裝置制取氣體時(shí)，固體藥品放在錐形瓶底，液體藥品從長(zhǎng)頸漏斗的上端口加入，由于無法隨時(shí)使固體和液體分離、無法控制液體的滴加速度，所以A裝置的不足之處是不能隨時(shí)控制反應(yīng)的發(fā)生和停止、不能控制反應(yīng)的速率。(4)用多功能瓶進(jìn)行干燥氣體時(shí)，應(yīng)長(zhǎng)進(jìn)短出，故含有水蒸氣的CO2氣體從B裝置的m端導(dǎo)入；二氧化碳屬于酸性氣體，故氣體干燥劑X應(yīng)選擇濃硫酸；CO2的密度比空氣大，能溶于水且與水反應(yīng)，所以收集CO2用向上排空氣法收集，應(yīng)選E裝置。(5)二氧化碳與氫氧化鈣反應(yīng)生成碳酸鈣白色沉淀和水，反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為CO2＋Ca(OH)2=== CaCO3↓＋H2O。

13. (7分)(1)＋2(1分)　氧化鐵(或二氧化碳，或水，填化學(xué)式也可)(1分)　(2)復(fù)分解反應(yīng)(1分)　Fe2O3＋6HNO3=== 2Fe(NO3)3＋3H2O(2分)　(3)②(1分)(4)蒸發(fā)溶劑(合理即可)(1分)

【解析】(1)根據(jù)化合物中各元素正負(fù)化合價(jià)的代數(shù)和為零，已知NOce9c69d5cb1b9213c6ffec8fa0bdb26e.png顯－1價(jià)，所以Ba(NO3)2中Ba元素的化合價(jià)為＋2；流程中涉及的氧化物有氧化鐵、二氧化碳、水。(2)BaCO3與HNO3反應(yīng)生成Ba(NO3)2、H2O和CO2，屬于復(fù)分解反應(yīng)；氧化鐵與硝酸反應(yīng)生成硝酸鐵和水，反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為Fe2O3＋6HNO3=== 2Fe(NO3)3＋3H2O。(3)Ba(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3的混合溶液通過加入試劑Y生成了Fe(OH)3沉淀和Ba(NO3)2溶液，所以試劑Y是Ba(OH)2溶液。(4)從Ba(NO3)2溶液中得到Ba(NO3)2晶體的方法是蒸發(fā)溶劑或蒸發(fā)結(jié)晶。

14. (7分)(1)對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)(1分)　(2)MnO2(1分)

(3)2KClO37c7e4324149e2d8bced1764026ae391d.png 2KCl＋3O2↑(或2KClO3d5fa2d275afa9e747db6c532f7106ca4.png 2KCl＋3O2↑，或2KClO31212672b04537c4c381df3425b73d986.png 2KCl＋3O2↑或2KClO37cedf0e8eb9ee23b80887ac7d41f80b1.png 2KCl＋3O2↑)(2分)　有(1分)　隨著反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行，生成的催化劑KCl越來越多，使反應(yīng)速率加快(1分)　 (5)收集的氧氣體積(1分)

【解析】(1)本題是對(duì)KClO3分解反應(yīng)的催化劑進(jìn)行探究，實(shí)驗(yàn)1中未加催化劑，其他實(shí)驗(yàn)都加催化劑，所以實(shí)驗(yàn)1的目的是作對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)，與后面加入催化劑的實(shí)驗(yàn)作對(duì)比，驗(yàn)證催化劑是否加快了反應(yīng)速率。(2)從表格中的數(shù)據(jù)可知，加入了MnO2的實(shí)驗(yàn)中收集50 mL氣體所需時(shí)間最短，反應(yīng)速率最快，所以3種催化劑中催化效果最佳的是MnO2。(3)根據(jù)表中數(shù)據(jù)可知，三種物質(zhì)均可作為該反應(yīng)的催化劑，KClO3在催化劑作用下，受熱分解生成KCl和O2，據(jù)此寫出反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式。(4)由實(shí)驗(yàn)1和實(shí)驗(yàn)4對(duì)比可知，KCl有催化作用；維持加熱條件不變，用實(shí)驗(yàn)1再繼續(xù)收集50 mL O2，所需時(shí)間明顯少于171s，原因是隨著反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行，生成的催化劑KCl越來越多，使反應(yīng)速率加快。(5)要比較KClO3分解反應(yīng)中不同催化劑的催化效果，除了測(cè)量收集50 mL O2所需時(shí)間外，還可以測(cè)量相同時(shí)間內(nèi)收集O2的體積大小。

15. (7分)(1)強(qiáng)(1分)　 Mg＋2HCl=== MgCl2＋H2↑(2分)　(2)【得出結(jié)論】一(1分)　鎂粉(1分)　可能成立(1分)　【實(shí)驗(yàn)反思】紫色濾紙條逐漸變?yōu)榧t色　注意：若答對(duì)第(3)小題獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)4分，化學(xué)試卷總分不超過60分。(3)①溶液pH逐漸增大，最后呈堿性；反應(yīng)前期pH變化較快，反應(yīng)后期pH變化較慢，最后pH不變。因?yàn)榍捌邴}酸濃度較大，反應(yīng)較快，隨著反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行鹽酸逐漸被消耗，但鎂在溶液中繼續(xù)緩慢反應(yīng)，生成堿性物質(zhì)，最后反應(yīng)完成　②猜想：金屬鎂過量。設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)：取兩只燒杯，各加入等量的稀鹽酸，分別加入少量和過量去除氧化膜的鎂帶，觀察現(xiàn)象，如果前者無沉淀而后者有沉淀，證明猜想成立(合理即可)

【解析】(1)由金屬活動(dòng)性順序可知，鋁的金屬活動(dòng)性比銅強(qiáng)。鎂與稀鹽酸反應(yīng)生成氯化鎂和水，反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為Mg＋2HCl=== MgCl2＋H2↑。(2)【得出結(jié)論】由查閱資料中氯化鎂易溶于水，實(shí)驗(yàn)1中向灰白色沉淀中加蒸餾水，沉淀未減少，由此可知，猜想一不正確。鎂與稀鹽酸反應(yīng)會(huì)有氣體生成，實(shí)驗(yàn)2中向灰白色沉淀中加入適量稀鹽酸，沉淀全部溶解，沒有氣泡產(chǎn)生，由此可知，沉淀中不含鎂粉。氫氧化鎂難溶于水，且與酸反應(yīng)沒有氣體生成，均符合實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2中的現(xiàn)象，灰白色沉淀可能是氫氧化鎂，假設(shè)3可能成立。【實(shí)驗(yàn)反思】灰白色沉淀的主要成分是堿式氯化鎂，堿式氯化鎂受熱分解會(huì)產(chǎn)生氯化氫氣體，氯化氫氣體溶于水形成鹽酸，遇蘸有紫色石蕊溶液的濾紙條，會(huì)使濾紙條由紫色逐漸變紅。注意：若答對(duì)第(3)小題獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)4分，化學(xué)試卷總分不超過60分。(3)①由表格中的數(shù)據(jù)可知，溶液pH逐漸增大，最后呈堿性；反應(yīng)前期pH變化較快，反應(yīng)后期pH變化較慢，最后pH不變。因?yàn)榍捌邴}酸濃度較大，反應(yīng)較快，隨著反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行鹽酸逐漸被消耗，但鎂在溶液中繼續(xù)緩慢反應(yīng)，生成堿性物質(zhì)，最后反應(yīng)完成。②提出猜想：鎂條過量，鹽酸濃度低等均可能導(dǎo)致生成堿式氯化鎂，據(jù)此設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。

16. (6分)解：(1)氯化銨中氮元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為4ecf8cf957f31b1fa6fde7791921c949.png×100%≈26.2%。

(2)設(shè)生產(chǎn)8.4 t碳酸氫鈉理論上需要氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為x

NaCl＋CO2＋NH3＋H2O=== NaHCO3＋NH4Cl

58．5　　　　　　　　　　　　84

x　　　　　　　　　　　　　8.4 t

5f64d3042cde700029f9571a2bc6b816.png＝69a3874482839cbf5c4ad074c54483e8.png　　　x＝5.85 t

答：(1)氯化銨中氮元素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)約為26.2%；(2)生產(chǎn)8.4 t碳酸氫鈉，理論上需要氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為5.85 t。

第3篇: 2020年安徽中考數(shù)學(xué)真題試卷

2015年安徽省中考物理試題參考答案

安慶藍(lán)天實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校操瑞祥老師整理

1、音調(diào)

2、做無規(guī)則運(yùn)動(dòng)

3、大

4、a

5、電磁感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象

6、5 變大

7、 5000

8、1.2

9、500 5

10、略

11、B

12、D

13、C

14、A

15、D

16、B

17、A

18、(1)略 (2)C

19、③讀出量筒中鹽水的體積為V （3）

20、(1)b （2）2.9 斷開開關(guān) （3）換最大阻值更大的滑動(dòng)變阻器（或串聯(lián)一個(gè)定值電阻）

21、（1）根據(jù)二力平衡和力的作用是相互的證得：（2）

22、

23、(1)證明過程比較多，公式編輯器輸入好麻煩，暫略。

（3）并聯(lián)的用電器越多R` 越小，R`與r串聯(lián)分壓，用電器分壓越小則實(shí)際功率越小。

第4篇: 2020年安徽中考數(shù)學(xué)真題試卷